Publication Ethic

Editors

• Publication Decisions: The editor is responsible for deciding which submitted articles should be published, guided by journal policy and constrained by legal requirements (e.g., libel, copyright, plagiarism). They may consult with others (editors or reviewers) before making this decision.

• Fair Play: Editors must evaluate manuscripts purely on their intellectual content, without regard to the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.

• Confidentiality: Editors and editorial staff must keep all information about a submitted manuscript confidential, disclosing it only to necessary parties (corresponding author, reviewers, other editorial advisors, and the publisher).

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors must not use unpublished materials or ideas from a submitted manuscript in their own research without the author's explicit written consent.

Reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions: Peer review helps the editor make publication decisions and assists the author in improving the paper.

• Promptness: A selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research or knows they cannot provide a timely review must notify the editor and withdraw from the process.

• Confidentiality: All received manuscripts must be treated as confidential documents. They should not be shared or discussed with others unless authorized by the editor.

• Standards of Objectivity: Reviews must be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Views should be expressed clearly with supporting arguments.

• Acknowledgement of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that the authors have failed to cite. They should also alert the editor to any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript and other published papers they are aware of.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Privileged information obtained during peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers must decline manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors.

Authors

• Reporting Standards: Authors of original research reports must present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data must be accurately represented, and the paper should include sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are unethical.

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure their work is entirely original. If they have used the work or words of others, it must be appropriately cited or quoted.

• Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication: Authors should not generally publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals concurrently is unacceptable ethical behavior.

• Acknowledgement of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of others' work must always be given. Authors should cite publications that were influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

• Authorship of the Paper: Authorship should be limited to those who made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study. All contributors should be listed, and the corresponding author must ensure all co-authors have seen and approved the final version for submission.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support must also be disclosed.

• Fundamental Errors in Published Works: If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they are obligated to promptly notify the editor or publisher and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.