The Effects of Education, Training, and Career Development onEmployee Performance and Human Resource Competence inIslamic Banking: Empirical Evidence from Makassar, Indonesia
Keywords:
education , training, career development, islamic human resource competence, employee performance , islamic banking, SEM-AMOSAbstract
This study investigates the effects of education, training, and career development on employee performance and Islamic Human Resource (IHR) competence within Islamic banking institutions in Makassar, Indonesia. Drawing on human capital theory and competency-based management frameworks, the research also examines the mediating role of IHR competence in the relationships between these antecedent variables and employee performance. A quantitative cross-sectional design was utilized, with primary data collected through structured questionnaires from 200 employees of Islamic banks in Makassar between July and September 2020. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 18.0. The findings indicate that: (1) education has a significant negative effect on IHR competence; (2) training has a significant positive effect on IHR competence; (3) career development has a positive but non-significant effect on IHR competence; (4) education, training, and career development each have a significant positive effect on employee performance; (5) IHR competence significantly and positively affects employee performance; and (6) IHR competence significantly mediates the effects of education and training on employee performance, but not the effect of career development. These results have important implications for human resource management practices in Islamic banking and contribute to the literature on competency-based performance management in the Islamic finance sector.
Downloads
References
Alainati, S., Alshawi, S., & Al-Karaghouli, W. (2010). The effect of education and training on competency. Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS 2010). Abu Dhabi, UAE: Brunel University.
Ali, A. J. (2010). Islamic challenges to HR in modern organizations. Personnel Review, 39(6), 692–711. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481011075579
Antonio, M. S. (2001). Bank syariah: Dari teori ke praktik [Islamic banking: From theory to practice]. Gema Insani Press.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
Beekun, R. I. (1997). Islamic business ethics. International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. John Wiley & Sons.
Byars, L. L., & Rue, L. W. (2006). Human resource management (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Campbell, J. P., McCloy, R. A., Oppler, S. H., & Sager, C. E. (1993). A theory of performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 35–70). Jossey-Bass.
Chapra, M. U., & Ahmed, H. (2002). Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. Islamic Research and Training Institute.
Cowling, A., & James, P. (2006). Organizational behaviour and personal psychology. Richard D. Irwin.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 137–147.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Garavan, T. N. (2007). A strategic perspective on human resource development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(1), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422306294492
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. (2000). Organizations: Behavior, structure, processes (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Goldstein, I. L., & Ford, J. K. (2002). Training in organizations: Needs assessment, development, and evaluation (4th ed.). Wadsworth.
Greenhaus, J. H., Callanan, G. A., & Godshalk, V. M. (2010). Career management (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hafeez, U., & Akbar, W. (2015). Impact of training on employees’ performance: Evidence from pharmaceutical companies in Karachi, Pakistan. Business Management and Strategy, 6(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7804
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers in and out of organizations. SAGE Publications.
Hamid, S. A., Aziz, R. A., & Ismail, R. (2014). Human capital development in Islamic banking: An imperative for effectiveness. Journal of Islamic Finance, 3(1), 44–54.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Iqbal, M., & Molyneux, P. (2005). Thirty years of Islamic banking: History, performance and prospects. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kamaruddin, B. H., Safa, M. S., & Mohd, R. (2008). Assessing production efficiency of Islamic banks and conventional bank Islamic windows in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management Science, 1(1), 31–48.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2005). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan [Corporate human resource management]. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2012). Human resource management (13th ed.). South-Western Cengage Learning.
Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2010). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Mencapai keunggulan bersaing [Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage] (6th ed.). Salemba Empat.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Olaniyan, D. A., & Okemakinde, T. (2008). Human capital theory: Implications for educational development. European Journal of Scientific Research, 24(2), 157–162.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023). Statistik perbankan syariah [Islamic banking statistics]. OJK. https://www.ojk.go.id
Prawirosentono, S. (2011). Kebijakan kinerja karyawan [Employee performance policy]. BPFE.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Rama, A. (2015). Perbankan syariah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia [Islamic banking and Indonesia’s economic growth]. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 4(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v4i2.2372
Rivai, V., & Sagala, E. J. (2009). Manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk perusahaan [Human resource management for companies] (2nd ed.). RajaGrafindo Persada.
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17.
Siagian, S. P. (2007). Manajemen sumber daya manusia [Human resource management]. Bumi Aksara.
Simamora, H. (2006). Manajemen sumber daya manusia [Human resource management] (3rd ed.). STIE YKPN.
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. John Wiley & Sons.
Sweetland, S. R. (1996). Human capital theory: Foundations of a field of inquiry. Review of Educational Research, 66(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543066003341
Warninda, T. D., & Hosen, M. N. (2015). Murabahah profitability in Indonesian Islamic banking. Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics, 7(2), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1791
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Rafid Marwal, Indah Anggraeni, S.E., M.Si (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
